Other Risk Factors In addition to the abovementioned risk factors, TBI and gut dysbiosis represent additional risk factor for PD, potentially through overlapping mechanisms involving chronic neuroinflammation and the aggregation of misfolded proteins
(PubMed) Dalmeijer GW, Olthof MR, Verhoef P, Bots ML, van der Schouw YT
Research studies now demonstrate how microRNAs (miRNAs) function as small non-coding RNAs to control gene expression post-transcriptionally in CL physiology (150, 151)
Exclusion criteria for both the FEP and healthy control groups involved meeting criteria for a substance use disorder in the past year according to DSM-5 [36] criteria (this was based on self-report for controls, and in addition clinical assessment and urine drug screening done at the point of clinical assessment in suspected cases for patients), having a history of a major head injury (leading to a significant period of unconsciousness or seizures), having a significant, uncontrolled medical illness, or having any contraindications to undergoing MRI